When sedimentary rock is exposed to heat & pressure, what does it change into?

Sedimentary rocks are formed on or about the Earth'southward surface, in dissimilarity to metamorphic and igneous rocks, which are formed deep inside the Earth. The virtually important geological processes that lead to the creation of sedimentary rocks are erosion, weathering, dissolution, precipitation, and lithification.

Erosion and weathering include the effects of wind and rain, which slowly break downward large rocks into smaller ones. Erosion and weathering transform boulders and even mountains into sediments, such as sand or mud. Dissolution is a grade of weathering—chemical weathering. With this procedure, water that is slightly acidic slowly wears away stone. These three processes create the raw materials for new, sedimentary rocks.

Precipitation and lithification are processes that build new rocks or minerals. Precipitation is the formation of rocks and minerals from chemicals that precipitate from water. For example, as a lake dries up over many thousands of years, it leaves backside mineral deposits; this is what happened in California's Decease Valley. Finally, lithification is the process by which clay, sand, and other sediments on the bottom of the sea or other bodies of h2o are slowly compacted into rocks from the weight of overlying sediments.

Sedimentary rocks can be organized into two categories. The start is detrital rock, which comes from the erosion and accumulation of stone fragments, sediment, or other materials—categorized in total as detritus, or droppings. The other is chemical stone, produced from the dissolution and precipitation of minerals.

Detritus can be either organic or inorganic. Organic detrital rocks form when parts of plants and animals disuse in the ground, leaving backside biological fabric that is compressed and becomes rock. Coal is a sedimentary rock formed over millions of years from compressed plants. Inorganic detrital rocks, on the other hand, are formed from cleaved up pieces of other rocks, not from living things. These rocks are oft called clastic sedimentary rocks. One of the best-known clastic sedimentary rocks is sandstone. Sandstone is formed from layers of sandy sediment that is compacted and lithified.

Chemical sedimentary rocks can be found in many places, from the ocean to deserts to caves. For case, most limestone forms at the bottom of the bounding main from the precipitation of calcium carbonate and the remains of marine animals with shells. If limestone is found on land, it tin exist assumed that the surface area used to be under water. Cave formations are likewise sedimentary rocks, only they are produced very differently. Stalagmites and stalactites grade when water passes through bedrock and picks upwards calcium and carbonate ions. When the chemical-rich water makes its manner into a cavern, the water evaporates and leaves behind calcium carbonate on the ceiling, forming a stalactite, or on the floor of the cave, creating a stalagmite.

An example of a sedimentary rock, which is, past definition, composed of many, smaller rocks.

Photo courtesy of Alamy Stock Photo

carbonate

adjective, substantive

mineral created by the action of carbon dioxide on a base of operations.

clastic sediment

Noun

rock composed of fragments of older rocks that have been transported from their place of origin.

detrital stone

Noun

sedimentary rock produced from small pieces of other rocks

dissolution

Noun

termination or devastation by breaking down, disrupting, or dispersing

Noun

act in which globe is worn away, often past water, wind, or ice.

geomorphology

Noun

written report of geographic features on the mural and the forces that create them.

halite

Noun

natural mineral form of salt (sodium chloride.) Also called rock salt.

limestone

Noun

blazon of sedimentary rock mostly made of calcium carbonate from shells and skeletons of marine organisms.

lithify

Verb

to change into stone or stone.

Noun

all forms in which water falls to World from the atmosphere.

Substantive

solid material transported and deposited by water, water ice, and air current.

shale

Substantive

type of sedimentary rock.

stalactite

Noun

rock formed by mineral-rich water dripping from the roof of a cavern. The water drips, merely the mineral remains like an icicle.

stalagmite

Noun

mineral deposit formed on a cave floor, usually by water dripping from above.

Noun

the breaking down or dissolving of the Earth's surface rocks and minerals.

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  Final Updated

  Oct. 22, 2019

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Source: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/sedimentary-rock/